動(dòng)詞不定式是什么意思
動(dòng)詞不定式是什么意思

文章插圖
一、動(dòng)詞不定式的用法
動(dòng)詞不定式的定義：
①含有動(dòng)詞
②to+do(動(dòng)詞原形)結(jié)構(gòu)
③是非謂語動(dòng)詞
動(dòng)詞不定式可充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?br /> ①主語
②賓語
③定語
④狀語
⑤賓補(bǔ)
⑥表語
注意：動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語動(dòng)詞 ， 不能作謂語
（一）動(dòng)詞不定式作主語
作主語，可以用it代替，it叫形式主語，動(dòng)詞不定式放在后面叫真正主語
1．To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
2. It’s dangerous to drive very fast.
To have a walk is good for you.
散步是對(duì)你有益的 。
主語 系動(dòng)詞 表語
解析：have a walk(散步)是動(dòng)詞短語 ， 不能直接作主語；To have a walk(散步)是動(dòng)詞不定式，可作主語
（二）動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語
1.如果賓語太長(zhǎng)，可用it作形式賓語 ， 構(gòu)成“主語 + 謂語 + it + 賓語補(bǔ)足語(名詞或形容詞) + to do sth”結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語動(dòng)詞常為find、think、feel等 。
I think it's too easy to solve this problem.我認(rèn)為解決這個(gè)問題太簡(jiǎn)單了 。
I found it difficult to stop him.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)攔截他很困難 。
I want to have a walk.
（我）〈想要〉｛去散步｝ 。
（主語 ）〈謂詞〉 ｛賓語｝
解析：動(dòng)詞不定式to have a walk(去散步)是want(想要)的內(nèi)容，作want(想要)的賓語
2.?？山觿?dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：
agree同意／hope希望／decide決定／need需要 /mean打算／wish希望/fail(失敗)/ want想要/begin開始/would like想要/Ask請(qǐng)求/beg乞求／leave離開/like/ love喜歡 /hate(討厭）/prefer寧愿/order命令/teach教/tell／告訴/ believe相信/find／找出 /know／知道／want／想要／ think認(rèn)為／ understand明白，理解，懂得
3.后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞口訣有：
1）三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng)
wish hope wantpromis agree
2）兩個(gè)要求莫拒絕
ask beg refuse
3）想要明白與知道
would likeunderstandknow
4）教會(huì)告訴要相信
teach tell believe
5）找出愛恨區(qū)別點(diǎn)
find love hate
He has decided to go to the countryside. 他已決心去鄉(xiāng)下 。
4.（1）“疑問詞 + 動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可以作動(dòng)詞know、think、find out等的賓語 。I don’t know who to ask. 我真不知道該問誰 。
（2）“疑問詞 + 動(dòng)詞不定式”可以作動(dòng)詞show、teach、ask等后面的直接賓語 。
She told me where to find the earphone. 她告訴我什么地方可以找到耳機(jī) 。
5.動(dòng)詞不定式可以作介詞的賓語 。
Autumn harvest isaboutto start. 秋收即將開始 。
I’m worryingaboutwhat to do next. 我正愁下一步該怎么辦 。
（三）動(dòng)詞不定式作定語
作定語的動(dòng)詞不定式與被修飾詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 。此時(shí)，如果動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面的介詞絕對(duì)不能省略 。
動(dòng)詞分“及物”和“不及物” ， “及”你就理解成“涉及，有聯(lián)”，“物”你就理解成“事物或人” 。及物的動(dòng)詞”就是“涉及事物的動(dòng)詞”即“有受對(duì)象的動(dòng)詞”或“帶賓語的動(dòng)詞”（像買buy,花費(fèi)spend）；“不及物的動(dòng)詞”就是“不帶賓語的動(dòng)詞”“沒有動(dòng)作承受對(duì)象的動(dòng)詞”（像跑run，跳jump,） 。所以介詞不能夠省略 。
I have a lot of books to read.
我有許多書要讀 。
We had only a cold room to livein. 我們只有寒室一間 。
I have（ some work） to do.
我有（一些工作）要做 。
（名詞 ）定語
解析：動(dòng)詞不定式to do(要做)限定修飾work(工作)的屬性，作work(工作)的定語；注意：動(dòng)詞不定式to do只能作名詞代詞的后置定語
（四）動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語
I come here to see you.
（我）〈來到〉這里來看你 。
（主語）〈謂詞動(dòng)詞〉 狀語
解析：動(dòng)詞不定式to see you(來看你)修飾動(dòng)詞come(來)的目的，作目的狀語
（五）動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)
（I ）〈want〉｛ you｝ to join us.
（我）〈想要〉｛你｝加入我們 。
（主語）〈謂語〉｛賓語｝ 賓補(bǔ)
解析：動(dòng)詞不定式to join us(加入我們)補(bǔ)充說明you(你)的動(dòng)作，作you(你)的賓補(bǔ)；
（六）動(dòng)詞不定式作表語
（My dream）〈 is 〉to be a teacher.
（我的夢(mèng)想）〈是〉當(dāng)老師 。
（主語）〈 系動(dòng)詞〉 表語
解析：動(dòng)詞不定式to be a teacher(當(dāng)老師)表示My dream的內(nèi)容 ， 作表語；
（七）區(qū)別下列詞組的不同含義:
remember to do 記住要做某事
remember doing 記得曾經(jīng)做過某事
forget to do忘記要做某事
forget doing 忘記曾經(jīng)做過某事
stop to do 停下來去做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
go on to do 繼續(xù)做另一件事
go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來在做的事
（八）It takes sb some time to do sth.花費(fèi)某人一段時(shí)間干某事.
It took me half an hour to do my homework yesterday.昨天我花了半小時(shí)做回家作業(yè).
It took Jim an hour and a half to read the book.吉姆花了一個(gè)半小時(shí)看這本書.
It took mother one and a half hours to do the housework.母親花了一個(gè)半小時(shí)干家務(wù).
（九）不定式的特殊句型Why not
"Why not +動(dòng)詞原形"表達(dá)向某人提出建議 ， 翻譯為："為什么不……?" "干嗎不……?"
Why not take a holiday?
干嗎不去度假?
二、動(dòng)詞不定式特殊用法
（一）It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1)lt's ＋形容詞＋for sb.
此句型常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞 ， 如easy, hard, difficult,interesting, impossible等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages.
對(duì)他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的 。
It’s dangerous for children to swim in the river. 孩子在這條河里游泳很危險(xiǎn) 。（游泳這件事情危險(xiǎn)） 。
2)lt's＋形容詞＋of sb
此句型一般用來表示人物的性格、品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, nice, clever, right, wrong, careful, careless, nice, clever, foolish, right等 。
lt's foolish of you to do that.
It's very nice of you to help me.
你來幫助我 ， 你真是太好了 。
It was careless of you to do that.
你這么做真粗心 。（你這個(gè)人粗心） 。
for 與of 的辨別方法：
用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個(gè)句子 。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for 。如：
You are nice.(通順，所以應(yīng)用of) 。
He is hard.(人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for 。)
（二）用作介詞的to
to 有兩種用法：
第一種用法為：不定式+動(dòng)詞原形;
第二種用法為：介詞+名詞/動(dòng)名詞..
to 在下面的用法中是第二種即to+ 名詞/動(dòng)名詞：
admit to承認(rèn)
confess to承認(rèn)
be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于
be used to 習(xí)慣于
stick to 堅(jiān)持
turn to開始，著手于
devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于
be devoted to 致力于
look forward to 盼望
pay attention to 注意
（三）省 略to 的動(dòng)詞不定式
1) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ：( 除ought 外，ought to)
2) 使役動(dòng)詞： let, have, make
3) 感官動(dòng)詞： see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補(bǔ) ， 省略to；
注意：在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中則to 不能省掉 。
I saw him clean the classroom.
=He was seen to clean the classroom.
The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night.
4) would rather，had better；
5) Why… / why not…；
6) help 可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth；
7) but和except：but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí) ， 后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式；
8) 由and, or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to 可以省去；
9) 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等詞后，可以省去to be；
He is supposed (to be) nice. 他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人 。
舉例：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.He wants to do nothing but go out.
比較：He wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
典型例題
1) ---- I usually go there by train.
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go
C. to try and go D. try going
答案：
D. why not 后面接不帶to 的不定式，因此選D 。
2) Paul doesn't have to be made ___.
He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
答案：
B. make后接不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，to 不可省略 。
（四）動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式 。
在不定式標(biāo)志to前加上not 。例如：
Tell him not to shut the window 。讓他別關(guān)窗 。
She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走過的時(shí)候，她假裝沒看見 。
【典型例題】
1）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never driver
C. never driving D. never drive
答案：A 。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式為warn sb not to do sth. 此處用的是否定詞never.
2） The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.
A. not toB. not to do
C. not do it D. do not to
答案：A 。not to 為not to do it 的省略形式 ?？梢灾挥胻o這個(gè)詞，而不必重復(fù)整個(gè)不定式詞組 。及物動(dòng)詞do后應(yīng)有賓語，因此也B，D不對(duì) 。
【動(dòng)詞不定式同步練習(xí)】
（一）用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空
1. She said she offered ____ (take) me to the shopping center.
2. They decided ____ (play) tennis against Guangming Middle School.
3. He wanted _____ (watch) the football match at the stadium.
4. My parents plan _____ (visit) my grandparents next weekend.
5. David promised ____ (not be)late for school next time.
（二）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空 。
A
The radio says it will be sunny this weekend. Diana plans 1.____ (enjoy) the sun on the beach. She wants 2._____ (invite) Lucy to go with her. But Lucy said her parents offered 3._____ (take) her to the cinema. So Lucy wouldn't like 4._____ (go) with Diana. Finally Diana decided 5.______ (go) to the beach alone.
B
Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers of modern China. He was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, in 1881. At first, Lu Xun hoped 6._____ (help) the Chinese people become healthy and strong, so he decided 7.______ (be) a doctor. After a few years, he started 8.______ (write) short stories because he wanted 9._____ (teach) people about society. One of his most famous stories is The True Story of Ah Q. It describes the hard life of Ah Q and makes people think about society. In the 1920s, people began10. _____ (translate翻譯) his work into English.
（三）單項(xiàng)選擇
1. I can't tell you what she said. I've promised ____ it a secret.
A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept
2. -- What's your plan for the summer holiday?
-- I decide ____ at home and have a good rest fist.
A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay
3. I was waiting ____ across the road when a car hit a boy suddenly.
A. walk B. walking C. to walk D. walks
4. My parents agree _____ football with my classmates on Sunday afternoon.
A. plays B. to play C. playing D. played
5. -- Dad, Can I borrow your camera? I want ____ it to take some photos.
-- Sure. But you must promise _____ after it well.
A. to use; look B. use; to look C. to use; to look D. use; look
（四）翻譯下列句子 。體會(huì)不定式做目的狀語的功能 。
1. To make it easier for the tigers to live, we should protect their home in the wild.
2. We should work hard to stop people killing tigers.
3. Let's find out what else we can do to save as many animals as possible.
4. They do important research to find out the best way to protect animals.
5. They also develop plans to help animals in danger.
同步練習(xí)
（一）用所給詞的正確形式填空
1. Their parents don't allow them ____(swim) in the river. It's really dangerous.
2. Please tell the boys _____ (not make) any noise. My baby is sleeping.
3. They try to find some more ways to make some animals ____ (work) for people.
4. My friend invited me ____ (watch) Beijing Opera last weekend.
5. I often hear a girl _____ (practise) playing the piano in the classroom.
（二）單項(xiàng)填空
1. We should allow students _____ their own school uniform.
A. choose B. to choose C. choosing D. chose
2. The teacher told Mike ____ too much time playing computer games.
A. not to spend B. to spend C. spent D. not spend
3. Our tour guide advised us ____ far from our camp. It was dangerous.
A. to walk B. not walk C. not walking D. not to walk
4. I saw students ____ when I passed the playground.
A. running B. run C. ran D. to run
5. I help my mother ____ housework every day after I finish homework.
A. doing B. does C. do D. did
6. The boss made his employees ____ over 8 hours a day.
A. working B. work C. works D. to work
7. Our teacher asked us _____ the handcrafts this weekend.
A. to hand in B. hand in C. handing in D. hands in
8. Tony would like his parents ____ him to Shanghai Disneyland this summer holiday.
A. take B. to take C. taking D. takes
9. All the students agreed to choose Han Mei _____ their monitor.
A. being B. is C. to be D. was
10. Mike's parents want him _____ the army after finishing college.
A. to join B. joining C. join D. join
參考答案
（一）用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空
1. to take 依據(jù)：offer to do 主動(dòng)提出做某事
2. to play 依據(jù)：decide to do 決定做某事
3. to watch 依據(jù)：want to do 想要做某事
4. to visit 依據(jù)：plan to do 計(jì)劃做某事
5. not to be 依據(jù)：promise to do 答應(yīng)做某事，保證做某事
（二）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容 ， 用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空 。
A
1. to enjoy, 2. to invite, 3.to take, 4. to go(解析：would like to do想要做某事）, 5. to go
B
6. to help（解析：依據(jù)want to do 想要做某事）, 7. to be（解析：依據(jù)decide to do決定做某事）, 8. to write（解析：依據(jù)start to do 開始做某事）, 9. to teach（解析：依據(jù)want to do想要做某事）, 10. to translate（解析：依據(jù)begin to do 開始做某事）
（三）單項(xiàng)選擇
1. B 依據(jù)：promise to do 答應(yīng)做某事
2. A 依據(jù)：decide to do決定做某事
3. C 依據(jù)：wait to do 等待做某事
4. B 依據(jù)：agree to do 同意做某事
5. C 依據(jù): want to do 想要做某事，promise to do 答應(yīng)做某事
（四）翻譯下列句子 。體會(huì)不定式做目的狀語的功能 。
1. 為了讓老虎更容易地生存， 我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)它們?cè)谝巴獾募?。
2. 我們應(yīng)該努力工作來阻止人們獵殺老虎 。
3. 讓我們弄清楚我們還能做什么來拯救盡可能多的動(dòng)物 。
4. 他們做重要的研究為的是找出保護(hù)動(dòng)物的最佳方法 。
5.他們也制定計(jì)劃來保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物 。
三：不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 。
同步練習(xí)：
（一）用所給詞的正確形式填空
1. to swim依據(jù)：allow sb. to do 允許某人做某事 。
2. not to make 依據(jù)：tell sb. not to do 告訴某人不要做某事 。
3. work 依據(jù)：make sb. do 使某人做某事
4. to watch 依據(jù)：invite sb. to do 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事
5. practice 依據(jù)：hear sb. do 聽見某人做某事，指聽到的是動(dòng)作的全過程 。
（二）單項(xiàng)填空
1. B 依據(jù)：allow sb. to do 允許某人做某事 。
2. A 依據(jù)：tell sb. to do 告訴某人做某事，否定形式是 tell sb. not to do 告訴某人不要做某事 。
3. D 依據(jù)：advise sb. to do 建議某人做某事 。否定形式是：advise sb. not to do建議某人不要做某事 。此處應(yīng)是建議不要遠(yuǎn)離營(yíng)地 。故選D
4. A 依據(jù)：see sb. doing 看見某人正在做某事 。句意是：當(dāng)我從操場(chǎng)旁邊路過的時(shí)候 ， 看見學(xué)生們正在跑步 。
5. C 依據(jù)：help sb. do 幫助某人做某事 。
6. B 依據(jù)：make sb. do 讓某人做某事 。
7. A 依據(jù)：ask sb. to do 讓某人做某事，要求某人做某事 。
8. B 依據(jù): would like sb. to do 想要某人做某事
9. C 依據(jù)：choose sb. to do 選擇某人做某事
10. A 依據(jù)：want sb. to do想要某人做某事
【練一練】
根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的動(dòng)詞,用適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?空內(nèi)可能不只填一個(gè)詞,使句子完整意思正確
1. They usually __________ kites on Sundays. (fly)
2. Look! The dogs __________ after the cat. (run)
3. Miss Gao __________ English in our school since she came here. (teach)
4. The class meeting _________ last Wednesday afternoon. (hold)
5. You should let him __________ the work by himself. (finish)
6. Meimei __________ to wash the old woman’s clothes twice every week. (go)
7. Mr Jiang __________ us Chinese last term. (teach)
8. My father __________ back from Japan tomorrow. (come)
9. It’s seven o’clock now. The Greens __________ breakfast together. (have)
10. Jim __________ many Chinese songs since he came to China. (learn)
11. Please remember __________ the window when you leave the room. (close)
12. After school some students began to do some __________ in the classroom. (clean)
13. English __________ widely in the whole world today. (speak)
【?動(dòng)詞不定式是什么意思】聲明：編輯整理自網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供大家學(xué)習(xí)！

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