是一個(gè)增強(qiáng)版的、開源的 MySQL 替代品 。它主要由社區(qū)在維護(hù)，采用 GPL v2 授權(quán)許可 。軟件的安全性是開發(fā)者的主要焦點(diǎn) 。他們保持為的每個(gè)版本發(fā)布安全補(bǔ)丁 。當(dāng)有任何安全問題被發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)，開發(fā)者會(huì)盡快修復(fù)并推出的新版本 。
的優(yōu)勢
在這篇文章中，我將談?wù)撽P(guān)于如何在服務(wù)器上升級 .5 到最新的。在安裝前先完成以下步驟 。
先決條件:
1. 停止當(dāng)前 MySQL 服務(wù)

1. root@server1 [/var/]# mysql
   
2. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
   
3. Your MySQL connection id is 5859
   
4. Server version: 5.5.47-cll MySQL Community Server (GPL)
   
5. Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   
6. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
   
7. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
   
8. owners.
   
9. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
   
10. root@server1 [~]# systemctl stop mysql
    
11. root@server1 [~]# systemctl status mysql
    
12. ● mysql.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
    
13. Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql)
    
14. Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2016-01-31 10:00:02 UTC; 1min 31s ago
    
15. Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
    
16. Main PID: 23430 (code=exited, status=203/EXEC)
    
17. Jan 31 10:00:02 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
    
18. Jan 31 10:00:02 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
    
19. Jan 31 10:00:02 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: mysql.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=203/EXEC
    
20. Jan 31 10:00:02 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Unit mysql.service entered failed state.
    
21. Jan 31 10:00:02 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: mysql.service failed.
    

2. 在升級之前將所有配置文件和數(shù)據(jù)庫轉(zhuǎn)移
轉(zhuǎn)移數(shù)據(jù)庫的存儲路徑和 MySQL 的配置文件

1. root@server1 [~]# cp -Rf /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql-old
   
2. root@server1 [/var/lib/mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf
   
3. [mysqld]
   
4. default-storage-engine=MyISAM
   
5. innodb_file_per_table=1
   
6. max_allowed_packet=268435456
   
7. open_files_limit=10000
   
8. root@server1 [~]#mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf-old
   

3. 從服務(wù)器上刪除和卸載 MySQL 所有的 RPM 包
運(yùn)行以下命令來禁用 MySQL RPM 的目標(biāo) 。通過運(yùn)行此命令， 將不再處理 MySQL 的更新，并在系統(tǒng)上將這些 RPM 版本標(biāo)記為已卸載 。

1. /scripts/update_local_rpm_versions --edit target_settings.MySQL50 uninstalled
   
2. /scripts/update_local_rpm_versions --edit target_settings.MySQL51 uninstalled
   
3. /scripts/update_local_rpm_versions --edit target_settings.MySQL55 uninstalled
   
4. /scripts/update_local_rpm_versions --edit target_settings.MySQL56 uninstalled
   

現(xiàn)在運(yùn)行以下命令：

1. /scripts/checkcpanelrpms --fix --targets=MySQL50,MySQL51,MySQL55,MySQL56
   

移除服務(wù)器上所有已有的 MySQL RPM 來為的安裝清理環(huán)境 。請看下面的輸出：

1. root@server1 [/var/lib/mysql]# /scripts/check_cpanel_rpms --fix --targets=MySQL50,MySQL51,MySQL55,MySQL56
   
2. [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000]
   
3. [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] Problems were detected with cPanel-provided files which are RPM controlled.
   
4. [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] If you did not make these changes intentionally, you can correct them by running:
   
5. [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000]
   
6. [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] > /usr/local/cpanel/scripts/check_cpanel_rpms --fix
   
7. [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000]
   
8. [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] The following RPMs are unneeded on your system and should be uninstalled:
   
9. [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] MySQL55-client-5.5.47-1.cp1148
   
10. [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] MySQL55-devel-5.5.47-1.cp1148
    
11. [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] MySQL55-server-5.5.47-1.cp1148
    
12. [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] MySQL55-shared-5.5.47-1.cp1148
    
13. [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] MySQL55-test-5.5.47-1.cp1148
    
14. [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] compat-MySQL50-shared-5.0.96-4.cp1136
    
15. [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] compat-MySQL51-shared-5.1.73-1.cp1150
    
16. [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] Removing 0 broken rpms:
    
17. [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] rpm: no packages given for erase
    
18. [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] No new RPMS needed for install
    
19. [2016-01-31 09:53:59 +0000] Disabling service monitoring.
    
20. [2016-01-31 09:54:01 +0000] Uninstalling unneeded rpms: MySQL55-test MySQL55-server MySQL55-client compat-MySQL51-shared compat-MySQL50-shared MySQL55-shared MySQL55-devel
    
21. [2016-01-31 09:54:04 +0000] Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysql.service.
    
22. [2016-01-31 09:54:04 +0000] Restoring service monitoring.
    

通過這些步驟，我們已經(jīng)卸載了現(xiàn)有的 MySQL RPM，并做了標(biāo)記來防止 MySQL的更新，服務(wù)器的環(huán)境已經(jīng)清理查看mysql服務(wù)安裝路徑，然后準(zhǔn)備安裝。
開始安裝吧，我們需要根據(jù)和的版本為創(chuàng)建一個(gè) yum 軟件庫 。下面是我的做法！
安裝步驟：
第1步：創(chuàng)建 YUM 軟件庫 。

1. root@server1 [~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo
   
2. [mariadb]
   
3. name = MariaDB
   
4. baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.0/centos7-amd64/
   
5. gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
   
6. gpgcheck=1
   
7. root@server1 [/etc/yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo
   
8. [mariadb]
   
9. name = MariaDB
   
10. baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.0/centos7-amd64/
    
11. gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
    
12. gpgcheck=1
    

第2步：打開 /etc/yum.conf 并修改如下行：
刪除這一行：

1. exclude=courier* dovecot* exim* filesystem httpd* mod_ssl* mydns* mysql* nsd* php* proftpd* pure-ftpd* spamassassin* squirrelmail*
   

替換為：

1. exclude=courier* dovecot* exim* filesystem httpd* mod_ssl* mydns* nsd* proftpd* pure-ftpd* spamassassin* squirrelmail*
   

重要
需要確保我們已經(jīng)從列表中移除了 MySQL 和 PHP 。
第3步：運(yùn)行以下命令來安裝和相關(guān)的包 。

1. root@server1 [~]#yum install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client MariaDB-devel php-mysql
   
2. Dependencies Resolved
   
3. ===============================================================================================================================================
   
4. Package Arch Version Repository Size
   
5. ===============================================================================================================================================
   
6. Installing:
   
7. MariaDB-client x86_64 10.0.23-1.el7.centos mariadb 10 M
   
8. MariaDB-devel x86_64 10.0.23-1.el7.centos mariadb 6.3 M
   
9. MariaDB-server x86_64 10.0.23-1.el7.centos mariadb 55 M
   
10. php-mysql x86_64 5.4.16-36.el7_1 base 99 k
    
11. Installing for dependencies:
    
12. MariaDB-common x86_64 10.0.23-1.el7.centos mariadb 43 k
    
13. MariaDB-shared x86_64 10.0.23-1.el7.centos mariadb 1.2 M
    
14. libzip x86_64 0.10.1-8.el7 base 48 k
    
15. php-common x86_64 5.4.16-36.el7_1 base 563 k
    
16. php-pdo x86_64 5.4.16-36.el7_1 base 97 k
    
17. Transaction Summary
    
18. ===============================================================================================================================================
    
19. Install 4 Packages (+5 Dependent package)
    

第4步：重新啟動(dòng)，并確保 MySQL 服務(wù)已啟動(dòng) 。

1. root@server1 [~]# systemctl start mysql
   
2. root@server1 [~]#
   
3. root@server1 [~]#
   
4. root@server1 [~]# systemctl status mysql
   
5. ● mysql.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
   
6. Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql)
   
7. Active: active (exited) since Sun 2016-01-31 10:01:46 UTC; 3s ago
   
8. Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
   
9. Process: 23717 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   
10. Main PID: 23430 (code=exited, status=203/EXEC)
    
11. Jan 31 10:01:46 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...
    
12. Jan 31 10:01:46 server1.centos7-test.com mysql[23717]: Starting MySQL SUCCESS!
    
13. Jan 31 10:01:46 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.
    

第5步：運(yùn)行命令 。
它將檢查所有數(shù)據(jù)庫中的所有表與當(dāng)前安裝的版本是否兼容，并在必要時(shí)會(huì)更新系統(tǒng)表 ， 以賦予當(dāng)前版本新增加的權(quán)限或能力 。

1. root@server1 [~]# mysql_upgrade
   
2. MySQL upgrade detected
   
3. Phase 1/6: Checking and upgrading mysql database
   
4. Processing databases
   
5. mysql
   
6. mysql.columns_priv OK
   
7. mysql.db OK
   
8. mysql.event OK
   
9. mysql.func OK
   
10. mysql.help_category OK
    
11. mysql.help_keyword OK
    
12. mysql.help_relation OK
    
13. mysql.help_topic OK
    
14. mysql.host OK
    
15. mysql.ndb_binlog_index OK
    
16. mysql.plugin OK
    
17. mysql.proc OK
    
18. mysql.procs_priv OK
    
19. mysql.proxies_priv OK
    
20. mysql.servers OK
    
21. mysql.tables_priv OK
    
22. mysql.time_zone OK
    
23. mysql.time_zone_leap_second OK
    
24. mysql.time_zone_name OK
    
25. mysql.time_zone_transition OK
    
26. mysql.time_zone_transition_type OK
    
27. mysql.user OK
    
28. Phase 2/6: Fixing views from mysql
    
29. Phase 3/6: Running 'mysql_fix_privilege_tables'
    
30. Phase 4/6: Fixing table and database names
    
31. Phase 5/6: Checking and upgrading tables
    
32. Processing databases
    
33. cphulkd
    
34. cphulkd.auths OK
    
35. cphulkd.blacklist OK
    
36. cphulkd.brutes OK
    
37. cphulkd.good_logins OK
    
38. cphulkd.ip_lists OK
    
39. cphulkd.known_netblocks OK
    
40. cphulkd.login_track OK
    
41. cphulkd.logins OK
    
42. cphulkd.report OK
    
43. cphulkd.whitelist OK
    
44. eximstats
    
45. eximstats.defers OK
    
46. eximstats.failures OK
    
47. eximstats.sends OK
    
48. eximstats.smtp OK
    
49. information_schema
    
50. leechprotect
    
51. leechprotect.hits OK
    
52. modsec
    
53. modsec.hits OK
    
54. performance_schema
    
55. roundcube
    
56. roundcube.cache OK
    
57. roundcube.cache_index OK
    
58. roundcube.cache_messages OK
    
59. roundcube.cache_shared OK
    
60. roundcube.cache_thread OK
    
61. roundcube.contactgroupmembers OK
    
62. roundcube.contactgroups OK
    
63. roundcube.contacts OK
    
64. roundcube.cp_schema_version OK
    
65. roundcube.dictionary OK
    
66. roundcube.identities OK
    
67. roundcube.searches OK
    
68. roundcube.session OK
    
69. roundcube.system OK
    
70. roundcube.users OK
    
71. saheetha_test
    
72. saheetha_test.authors OK
    
73. whmxfer
    
74. whmxfer.sessions OK
    
75. Phase 6/6: Running 'FLUSH PRIVILEGES'
    
76. OK
    

第6步：再次重新啟動(dòng) MySQL 的服務(wù) ， 以確保一切都運(yùn)行完好 。

1. root@server1 [~]# systemctl restart mysql
   
2. root@server1 [~]#
   
3. root@server1 [~]# systemctl status mysql
   
4. ● mysql.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
   
5. Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql)
   
6. Active: active (running) since Sun 2016-01-31 10:04:11 UTC; 9s ago
   
7. Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
   
8. Process: 23831 ExecStop=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   
9. Process: 23854 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   
10. Main PID: 23430 (code=exited, status=203/EXEC)
    
11. CGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service
    
12. ├─23861 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/server1.centos7-test.com.pid
    
13. └─23933 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/v...
    
14. Jan 31 10:04:10 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...
    
15. Jan 31 10:04:11 server1.centos7-test.com mysql[23854]: Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
    
16. Jan 31 10:04:11 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.
    

第7步：運(yùn)行 ，重建 /PHP 以支持，并確保所有 PHP 的模塊保持不變 。

1. root@server1 [~]#/scripts/easyapache --build
   

重要
如果你在安裝之后忘記重建 /PHP，將會(huì)報(bào)如下庫錯(cuò)誤：

1. root@server1 [/etc/my.cnf.d]# php -v
   
2. php: error while loading shared libraries: libmysqlclient.so.18: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
   

第8步：現(xiàn)在驗(yàn)證安裝的程序和數(shù)據(jù)庫 。

1. root@server1 [/var/lib/mysql]# mysql
   
2. Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
   
3. Your MariaDB connection id is 15
   
4. Server version: 10.0.23-MariaDB MariaDB Server
   
5. Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
   
6. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
   
7. MariaDB [(none)]> show storage engines;
   
8. +--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
   
9. | Engine | Support | Comment | Transactions | XA | Savepoints |
   
10. +--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
    
11. | CSV | YES | CSV storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
    
12. | MRG_MyISAM | YES | Collection of identical MyISAM tables | NO | NO | NO |
    
13. | MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables | NO | NO | NO |
    
14. | BLACKHOLE | YES | /dev/ storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO | NO | NO |
    
15. | MyISAM | YES | MyISAM storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
    
16. | InnoDB | DEFAULT | Percona-XtraDB, Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES | YES | YES |
    
17. | ARCHIVE | YES | Archive storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
    
18. | FEDERATED | YES | FederatedX pluggable storage engine | YES | NO | YES |
    
19. | PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES | Performance Schema | NO | NO | NO |
    
20. | Aria | YES | Crash-safe tables with MyISAM heritage | NO | NO | NO |
    
21. +--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
    
22. 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

就這樣 ：） 。現(xiàn)在查看mysql服務(wù)安裝路徑，我們該去欣賞完善和高效的特點(diǎn)了 。希望你喜歡閱讀本文 。希望留下您寶貴的建議和反?。?
作者： [1] 譯者：[2] 校對：wxy[3]
本文由 LCTT[4] 原創(chuàng)編譯，Linux中國[5] 榮譽(yù)推出
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【在 CentOS 7 CPanel 服務(wù)器上安裝 MariaDB 10】本文到此結(jié)束，希望對大家有所幫助 。

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